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New Swabia
New Swabia (Norwegian and (ドイツ語:Neuschwabenland)) is a cartographic name sometimes given to an area of Antarctica between 20°E and 10°W in Queen Maud Land, which is administered as a Norwegian dependent territory under the Antarctic Treaty System. New Swabia was explored by Germany in early 1939 and named after that expedition's ship, the , itself named after the German region of Swabia.〔McGonigal, David, ''(Antarctica )'', frances lincoln ltd, 2009, ISBN 0-7112-2980-5, ISBN 978-0-7112-2980-8, p 367〕
==Background==
Like many other countries, Germany sent expeditions to the Antarctic region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most of which were scientific. The late 19th century expeditions to the Southern Ocean, South Georgia, the Kerguelen Islands and the Crozet Islands were astronomical, meteorological, and hydrological, mostly in close collaboration with scientific teams from other countries. As the 19th century ended Germany began to focus on Antarctica.
The first German expedition to Antarctica was the Gauss expedition from 1901 to 1903. Led by Arctic veteran and geology professor Erich von Drygalski, this was the first expedition to use a hot-air balloon in Antarctica. It also found and named Kaiser Wilhelm II Land. The second German Antarctic expedition (1911–1912) was led by Wilhelm Filchner with a goal of crossing Antarctica to learn if it was one piece of land. As happened with other such early attempts, the crossing failed before it even began. The expedition discovered and named the Luitpold Coast and the Filchner Ice Shelf. A German whaling fleet was put to sea in 1937 and, upon its successful return in early 1938, plans for a third German Antarctic expedition were drawn up.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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